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Patel, K. J.
- Solid-State Electrochromic Device for Reflectance Modulation
Abstract Views :143 |
PDF Views:2
Authors
K. J. Patel
1,
G. G. Bhatt
1,
P. B. Patel
2,
D. Lakshminarayana
2,
C. J. Panchal
3,
M. S. Desai
3,
Priya Suryavanshi
3
Affiliations
1 Science and Humanities Department, BITS Education Campus, Vadodara, IN
2 Department of Electronics, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar-388120, Gujarat, IN
3 Applied Physics Department, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara-390001, IN
1 Science and Humanities Department, BITS Education Campus, Vadodara, IN
2 Department of Electronics, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar-388120, Gujarat, IN
3 Applied Physics Department, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara-390001, IN
Source
Invertis Journals of Science & Technology, Vol 9, No 1 (2016), Pagination: 11-15Abstract
Solid-state reflection modulation electrochromic device (ECD) will have a significant place in future automobile rear-view mirrors and thermal control. In the present study we have prepared "solidstate ECD" structure consisting of layers Al / WO3 / ZrO2/ NiO / 'ITO' on a glass substrate using physical vapor deposition method. The fundamental electrochromic characteristic viz. reflectance modulation and switching time are measured on the fabricated prototype ECD. The device shows 65% reflections modulation (75%-10%) in the visible region of light with the coloration and bleaching time of 100 s and 300 s, respectively.Keywords
Electrochromic Device, Physical Vapor Deposition, Reflectance Modulation, Switching Time.- Major Constraints Faced by Farmers of Sabarkantha District in Gujarat
Abstract Views :184 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 IFS, on Farm Research (S.D.A.U.), Adiya, Patan (Gujarat), IN
2 All India Co-Ordinated Research Project on Integrated Farming Systems (S.D.A.U.), S.K. Nagar (Gujarat), IN
3 Department of Agricultural Economics, College of A.B.M., (S.D.A.U.), S.K. Nagar (Gujarat), IN
4 Dry Farming Research Station (S.D.A.U.), Radhanpur (Gujarat), IN
1 IFS, on Farm Research (S.D.A.U.), Adiya, Patan (Gujarat), IN
2 All India Co-Ordinated Research Project on Integrated Farming Systems (S.D.A.U.), S.K. Nagar (Gujarat), IN
3 Department of Agricultural Economics, College of A.B.M., (S.D.A.U.), S.K. Nagar (Gujarat), IN
4 Dry Farming Research Station (S.D.A.U.), Radhanpur (Gujarat), IN
Source
International Research Journal of Agricultural Economics and Statistics, Vol 9, No 1 (2018), Pagination: 133-136Abstract
An attempt was made to study the major constraints of farmers of sabarkantha district. Out of 13 block one high productive and one low productive block were selected purposively. Three villages from each block were selected randomly making the sample size of 321. The constraints were worked out by using Garrett’s Ranking Technique. The major constraints faced by the farmers were lack of technical advice/know-how, non-availability of farm credit, lack of improved variety suitable to region, lack of irrigation water, high cost of inputs, inadequate/irregular supply of electricity, scarcity of farm labour, social factors (adopting piggery/poultry), and problems of pigs. The major constraints faced by the farmers in the studied area of the district were ranked using Garrett’s ranking technique and found that problem of pigs and bluebull (Nilgay) ranked 1st, High cost of input (seed/fertilizer/pesticides. etc) ranked 2nd, Lack of technical advice/know-how ranked 3rd.Keywords
Farmers, Garrett’s Ranking Technique.References
- Baria, P. A., Soni, N.V. and Patel, D.D. (2013). Constraints faced by the mango growers towards scientific cultivation in mango orchards. Gujarat J. Extn. Edu., 24 (2) : 123-124.
- Chaudhary, Diptesh and Chauhan, N.M. (2016). Constraints faced by biofertilizer users. Gujurat J. Extn. Edu., 27 (1) : 49-52
- Dharandel, A.A., Bhatt, P.M. and Patel, N.P. (2011). Constraints faced by cotton growers in management of cotton cultivation. Gujarat J. Extn. Edu., 22 (2) : 80-82.
- Hosmath, J.A. (2012). A survey analysis on advantages and constraints of Bt cotton cultivation in northern Karnataka. Karnataka. J. Agric. Sci., 25 (1) : 140-141.
- Patel, R.R., Thakkar, K.A., Bindage, A.B. and Patel, V.M. (2013). Constraints of vegetable growers in north Gujarat.Gujarat J. Extn. Edu., 24 (2) : 68-73.
- Prajapati, V.V., Gohil, C.A. and Tunvar, M.A. (2016). Constraints faced by farmers in purchase of agro-chemicals in vegetable crops. Gujarat J. Extn. Edu., 27 (1) : 63-66.
- Reddy, Mohan, S. and Reddy, Prathapa, B. (2017). Constraints in production and marketing of papaya in Kadapa district of Andhra Pradesh. Internat. Res. J. Agric. Econ & Statist., 8(1) : 72-74.
- Sharma, Y.K., Bangarva, G.S. and Sharma, S.K. (2008). Farming system based constraints faced by farmers. Indian. Res.J. Extn. Edu., 8 (1) : 57-59.